Argumentative essays are particularly enjoyable for students to write because they give students a chance to express their opinions. When writing a persuasive essay, be aware of the appeals you are using to make your argument.
An appeal to pathos draws on the reader’s emotions. Most advertisements use this technique, and it can be very effective. But be aware an argument made strictly on an emotional appeal is not typically a very solid argument.
An example of this is a clothing ad that might show a guy wearing a particular brand of jeans surrounded by beautiful women. The argument is that guys who buy this brand of jeans will get lots of attention from women. While this technique is effective, readers who stop and think for a minute will realize the argument is a weak one.
Appeals to ethos rely on the writer’s credibility. If you feel you are an expert on the topic you are arguing, be sure to explain to readers why you are the most qualified person to make this argument.
Appeals to logos use logic to develop an argument. These are the strongest arguments, but also the most boring for readers. Arguments that appeal to all three aspects of the rhetorical triangle will be the most effective.
Choosing a Topic
Choose a topic that interests you and one that you know something about, but don’t choose something you feel you are so passionate about that you can’t see clearly. Writing is a process of inquiry, so choose a topic you are curious about. Develop your argument as you learn, and in turn your readers will learn as well.
Draw Your Readers In
Your introductory paragraph should not jump right into your argument. You want to have your readers on your side, to ease them over to your side gently, so start with a humorous or powerful anecdote that readers can relate to. You can also start with a universal statement that readers can agree with you. Try to develop some common ground with readers so they will open to your suggestions.
Writing a Thesis Statement
Once you have effectively drawn your readers in, make your thesis statement clear. Don’t beat around the bush. If you want your readers to take action, state the action they should take. If you want the government to change a policy, state what policy they should revisit and why.
EFFECTIVE THESIS: In order to ensure the safety of its citizens, the city of Norfolk should increase its police force by 10 percent.
INEFFECTIVE THESIS: Crime is on the rise, and the city needs to do something to stop it.
Supporting Your Thesis
You have drawn your readers in and stated your opinion. That should have taken up the first paragraph. Now you need to back it all up with evidence. Without effective evidence, you are just ranting about a problem. You are not really working to solve anything.
Do your homework. Research what others have said or done on your topic. Include their opinions in your essay if it is appropriate. Explain why your solution would work best. Tell your readers why it will benefit them to take the action you are suggesting. Your evidence should take up the bulk of your essay.
Addressing the Opposition
If possible, mention the opposing side to your argument and refute it. This will make your argument even stronger by anticipating resistance and offering evidence against it up front.
With these tips, you should be able to argue on a variety of topics effectively.
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